尾砂胶结充填体力学性能与微观结构研究

胶凝材料水化产物的种类、数量及其微观结构将直接影响尾砂胶结充填体的宏观力学性能。本文采用XRD、TG-DSC、SEM等研究方法,建立了尾砂胶结充填体宏观力学性能(单轴抗压强度)与胶凝材料水化产物种类和数量之间的关系。研究结果表明,随着灰砂比和养护龄期的增长,尾砂胶结充填体内钙矾石等水化产物的含量随之增多,尾砂胶结充填体的单轴抗压强度σc与胶结体中钙矾石的含量x呈一次直线正相关关系,即σc=2.0126x+0.5295,相关性系数为0.9610;增加充填体中AFt的含量有助于提高其单轴抗压强度。     

贵州遵义—铜仁地区优势矿产尾矿(渣)资源现状及应用潜力

尾矿(渣)作为一种潜在的二次资源,具有很好的综合利用前景。通过对遵义-铜仁地区钼镍矿、锰矿、铝土矿等尾矿(渣)的规模、分布、土地占用类型等进行摸底调查,结果发现,电解锰渣和赤泥规模较大,尾矿中存在可以提取的有价金属元素,对于电解锰渣,应重点提取可溶性锰;对赤泥中Ti、Fe、Sc、Li、Nb、Ga、V及REE等,应寻求经济、适用的提取工艺,力争实现赤泥回收工业化。同时,尾矿作为大规模的建材原料使用,是最为安全的安置方法和综合利用途径。     

高硫尾砂胶结充填试验研究

普通硅酸盐水泥广泛用于高硫尾砂的胶结充填,但因硫酸盐侵蚀会导致充填体早期强度低而后期膨胀、开裂以及强度倒缩。本研究以矿渣为主要材料辅以少量激发剂配制成KL固化剂取代水泥固化高硫尾砂,相同条件下,试样7d和60d强度是水泥试样的2.3倍和6.0倍,早期强度高,后期强度不倒缩。KL固化剂中的低碱环境使得适量钙矾石在早期形成,不破坏水化硅酸钙凝胶结构,还能充当骨架降低孔隙率使试样更密实。综上可知,与水泥相比,KL固化剂固化高硫尾砂具有更好的强度和耐久性。     

铜熔炼渣综合回收铜铅锌基础研究

采用化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜微观分析三种方法分析铜熔炼渣的基础物化性质;利用热力学计算软件对铜熔炼渣中所需回收金属化合物进行理论计算,使用100kW感应炉及碳化硅石墨坩埚进行10kg级铜熔炼渣综合回收有价金属试验。结果表明,铜熔炼渣中有91.06%的Cu以硫化物状态存在,在无烟煤配比10%、黄铁矿配比10%条件下,保温120min,获得尾渣中Cu、Pb、Zn含量分别为0.28%、0.013%、0.0062%;为搭配处理炼铜烟尘和更经济的综合回收,无烟煤配比3%、黄铁矿配比3%,搭配处理6%炼铜烟尘,保温70 min,实现尾渣中Cu、Pb、Zn含量分别为0.39%、0.049%、0.028%。     

Effectiveness of wetlands in retaining metals from mine water,South Africa

Wetlands are effectively used to treat mine water effluent in South Africa, where they retain toxic metals that can potentially contaminate the environment. Wetlands that are located close to the abandoned tailings dams were chosen and solidified substrate samples were collected for thin section microscopy, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. In order to determine the concentration of selected metals in the tailings dams, fine grained samples were collected and leached with a diluted nitric acid and deionised water to simulate leaching by rainwater. The results from the substrate analysis revealed an overall oxide abundance of 71.76 weight percent (%) and an elevated metal concentration, which suggest a crucial role played by pH, redox, wetland sediments and wetland plants in maintaining oxygen circulation and triggering reactions. The study confirmed the efficiency of wetlands in the attenuation of toxic metals from the mine water.     

尾矿库筑坝土石料大型三轴试验与力学模型研究

针对沙溪铜矿龙王顶尾矿库工程初设土石坝建设方案,配置了3种含石量(5%、15%和30%)的筑坝土石料,开展了常围压条件下的大三轴压缩试验。试验表明,在低围压下土石料表现出明显的剪胀变形,在高围压条件下其变形以剪缩为主。随试样含石量从5%增加至30%,土石料的应力应变曲线形态相似,但强度和剪胀效应均明显增大。基于试验成果分析,构造适用于描述土石料剪缩/剪胀变形规律的塑性加载和流动方向矢量。在广义塑性本构模型框架内,建立了一个适用于土石料的弹塑性力学模型,阐述了模型参数的确定方法。将此力学模型应用于土石料的大型三轴试验模拟,发现该力学模型能较好地模拟土石料的剪缩/剪胀变形规律。     

磷石膏尾矿坝渗流场与稳定性分析

针对大峪口磷石膏尾矿坝的实际情况,设定多种运行工况。运用饱和-非饱和渗流理论,分析磷石膏尾矿坝在各种工况下的渗流场。渗流场分析结果表明,干滩长度变化以及排渗垫层的淤堵程度对浸润线的影响十分明显,干滩长度越长,坝体浸润线越低;排渗垫层淤堵越重,浸润线越高。在渗流场分析的基础上,运用饱和-非饱和边坡稳定性分析方法,对坝体进行稳定性分析,得出不同工况下坝坡的安全系数。坝坡稳定性分析结果表明,在当前实际运行坝高180m时,最小安全系数为2.27,坝体是稳定的。不同工况下的安全系数均满足技术规程的规定。     

Hope for Animals and Their World: How Endangered Species are Being Rescued from the Wild

The presence of heavy metals in mine tailings poses potential threats to environment and human health. The paper reports an investigation of the effects of initial pH on bioleaching of heavy metals (Cu, Zn and Pb) from mine tailings by indigenous sulphur-oxidising bacteria.     

The risks from airborne asbestos in the urban environment

The objective of this full‐scale study is to determine the treatment performance of the activated sludge process for treating low strength municipal wastewater. The plant is located in Painesville, Ohio, and discharges its treated effluent into Grand River. The average plant wastewater flow was 3.43 MGD (million gallons per day). The plant performance was evaluated for a 12‐month period in 1989. The low strength municipal wastewater contained 104 mg/L TSS (total suspended solids), 105 mg/L BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), 17.76 mg/L TKN (total kjeldahl nitrogen), 9.66 mg/L NH₃‐N, and 3.90 mg/L P (phosphorus). The treatment performance after various degrees of treatment is as follows: primary treatment: 30% BOD and 54% TSS removal, secondary treatment: 97% BOD and 87% TSS removal, and tertiary treatment: 98% BOD and 98% TSS removal. The primary effluent contained 73 mg/L BOD and 48 mg/L TSS; the secondary effluent contained 3 mg/L BOD and 13 mg/L TSS; and the final effluent contained 2 mg/L BOD and 2 mg/L TSS. The effluent contained 0.22 mg/L NH₃‐N and 0.49 mg/L P, which were far below the US EPA standard of 10 mg/L BOD, 10 mg/L TSS, 1 mg/L NH₃‐N, and 1 mg/L P.     

利用尾矿制作混凝土多孔砖的生产技术及块型设计

重点介绍了利用固体废弃物——尾矿砂制作承重混凝土多孔砖的生产技术及块型设计。